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E he purpose of this document instruction is the standardization of procedures to construct and evaluate a research design, therefore, agree on what we say when we refer to the design, helps us to reflect on the research process, to clarify the manner prescribed steps we intend to address an issue, information and finally through the collection of data regarding a subject area. [1]
The purpose of this optical methodology is to ensure that research projects to achieve high levels of internal consistency and integrity. In this regard, combinatorial designs represent a tactical and strategic components. Etymologically, Design means plan, program, or refers to some kind of anticipation of what was intended to "get", ie the construction of an object of study.
The "research design is defined as the overall research plan that tries to (...) in a clear and unambiguous answers to the questions raised in the same" [2] . So this increases the emphasis on the strategic dimension of the research process. Strategy is a consistent pattern of decisions, unifying and integrative approach that determines and reveals the purpose in terms of long-term objectives, action programs, and priorities in the allocation of resources ... to respond adequately to the opportunities and threats in the environment environment " [3] .
So, we understand science is a growing body of ideas that can be characterized as rational knowledge, accurate and verifiable, therefore feasible. It proposes a methodology incorporates an investigation of how : orderly, repeatable, and self-correct for gathering. For Piaget, learning science is above all the general rules of scientific expertise. Merton reaffirms the distinction between methodology and logic of scientific method and theory. Parsons adds that the methodology is the border area between science, logic and epistemology.
fundamental in this model is the ability to argue their positions, proper use of the methods of inference, and explicit and rigorous nature of their formulations, as well as its objectives.
Finally, we note that the methodology is logical and systematic study of the principles that guide research social. The methodology involves claims about the world as an object-state method and determined. Therefore, the method narrows and defines what is relevant knowledge.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH
The research process develops the capacity to implement and integrate the knowledge acquired during the learning process, to carry out an investigation under positivist scientific canons.
The overall structure will be addressed from a [4] through which different themes are linked by applying the scientific method on a significant problem defined by the researchers.
As Davila argues, the idea that "the method ... always takes precedence over the object ... the important thing is not to be specialists, but the fact that one result of specialization is to promote the specialization process within the sciences as a whole (this being) a specialization that is based solely on the use of the method, regardless of content, the problem and field of study " [5] .
therefore scheme proposes a clarification that prescribes a method of approximation objects where the researcher sets the order and logic of its purpose. In this context methodology has the following structure:
Draft Stage I:
The purpose of this optical methodology is to ensure that research projects to achieve high levels of internal consistency and integrity. In this regard, combinatorial designs represent a tactical and strategic components. Etymologically, Design means plan, program, or refers to some kind of anticipation of what was intended to "get", ie the construction of an object of study.
The "research design is defined as the overall research plan that tries to (...) in a clear and unambiguous answers to the questions raised in the same" [2] . So this increases the emphasis on the strategic dimension of the research process. Strategy is a consistent pattern of decisions, unifying and integrative approach that determines and reveals the purpose in terms of long-term objectives, action programs, and priorities in the allocation of resources ... to respond adequately to the opportunities and threats in the environment environment " [3] .
So, we understand science is a growing body of ideas that can be characterized as rational knowledge, accurate and verifiable, therefore feasible. It proposes a methodology incorporates an investigation of how : orderly, repeatable, and self-correct for gathering. For Piaget, learning science is above all the general rules of scientific expertise. Merton reaffirms the distinction between methodology and logic of scientific method and theory. Parsons adds that the methodology is the border area between science, logic and epistemology.
fundamental in this model is the ability to argue their positions, proper use of the methods of inference, and explicit and rigorous nature of their formulations, as well as its objectives.
Finally, we note that the methodology is logical and systematic study of the principles that guide research social. The methodology involves claims about the world as an object-state method and determined. Therefore, the method narrows and defines what is relevant knowledge.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH
The research process develops the capacity to implement and integrate the knowledge acquired during the learning process, to carry out an investigation under positivist scientific canons.
The overall structure will be addressed from a [4] through which different themes are linked by applying the scientific method on a significant problem defined by the researchers.
As Davila argues, the idea that "the method ... always takes precedence over the object ... the important thing is not to be specialists, but the fact that one result of specialization is to promote the specialization process within the sciences as a whole (this being) a specialization that is based solely on the use of the method, regardless of content, the problem and field of study " [5] .
therefore scheme proposes a clarification that prescribes a method of approximation objects where the researcher sets the order and logic of its purpose. In this context methodology has the following structure:
Draft Stage I:
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• Title.
• Introduction.
· approach or formulation of the problem.
· Objectives.
· Schedule or Gantt chart [6] .
• Introduction.
· approach or formulation of the problem.
· Objectives.
· Schedule or Gantt chart [6] .
Stage II:
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· hypothesis or questions guidelines.
· Marco theoretical.
· Methodology.
Stage III:
· hypothesis or questions guidelines.
· Marco theoretical.
· Methodology.
Stage III:
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• Process of data collection
• Plan for analysis and interpretation of data.
• Conclusions and recommendations.
· Bibliography.
· Annex.
1.-The title
The title should be explicit and unambiguous the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work, as it should clearly reflect the content expected in the document, with its single reading.
title structure is not rigid, but helps to set objectives for work requires a major effort to narrow the scope of action targeted.
2.-approach or formulation of the problem
In general, the objectives correspond to explain or describe a significant social or physical condition. However, the problem statement represents the extension of the target in both sets limits and scope of the proposed degree.
The problem statement is explicit the implications of the issue, therefore, necessary to determine the relevance (theoretical, methodological or practical) and justifications, that is why it is important to run the study, who is affected, how and in what form.
also investigate the feasibility of the project, students in this regard should be questioned about the possibility of carrying out and inquire if there are any institution interested in financing the study.
Finally, as a optional, research questions should be drafted as help to elucidate possible relationships between variables not provided, whose development is to provide time to develop hypotheses, patterns of work, interview guides and meaningful questions, and generally facilitates the process of data collection.
Here's some basic questions formulate a problem
What is the condition you want to be studied?
Who is affected?
How will it affect?
What are the implications of this?
Why is it important to study this condition? (Relevance)
Is it possible to carry out research? (Roads)
3.-Objectives
The formulation of a problem is a preliminary step for the formulation of the objectives of the investigation because they represent what is finally achieved. Therefore, the titles of the proposed investigation, should encourage the formulation of the overall objective reaching set this time, specifically, what we expect to know.
His writing require, as the title, a major effort to define and establish the limits and scope of the topic to be addressed. However, researchers coming this stage, and should be relatively clear his intentions, since we assume have already been identified in the statement of the problem an object of study.
The real complexity of set objectives is that once established a "virtual Northern" to be achieved, there must be a "route" to evidence that this can be achieved.
Therefore, the specific objectives representing each of the steps students will take to achieve your goal, since they depend entirely on the overall objective. In this sense, represents the specific strategy to deal with reality. Its proper enunciation
depend on the clarity and consistency of the researchers, since demand before the possible subject-object, operational features, and evaluation of the productivity of the same. Example
title structure of quantitative research. There must, then, a) a Verb infinitive infinitives verbs show action, but in methodology relate to the level of depth of study, in this case: Explore, Describe or explain. Or failing that, if appropriate: Assess, Diagnose, accredit, or certify, b) Dependent Variables Independent Variable: The independent variable (X) is generated or a particular event affects the dependent (Y), so establishes a potentiation or inhibition between them, c) a universe or population, which represents the total of the elements involved in the study, d) a sample, which is a fraction of the population considered relevant given the student's goals, and ) Time and Space, represents the temporal-spatial location of the event to study.
4.-Theoretical Framework
The Theoretical framework serves multiple functions, including the most relevant research guide, can set the stage for interpreting the results, provides the appropriate language to draft conclusions, and glimpses of possible solutions to the problem statement.
Building a theoretical framework is a dynamic process and its final form will be provided depending on the objective. However, it should begin with a literature review.
now understand the comprehensive review bibliographic references, previous experience or background on the subject of scientific character, be an author, company, or an organization. This ends when reaching the saturation point is, it ends when no more findings are available.
The structure of the framework can be established in three main parts, ranging from general to particular: (a) Prior history, which contains historical data about the topic, (b) Findings bibliographic where summarize the main scientific findings made around it.
Y (c) Definition of concepts. Issue that deserves a special section, since it must define or variables (or object) of study in a triple, as follows:
(i) Definition Rated: being the book or dictionary definition of their subject. (Ii) Real or working definition: it includes the dimensions identified by the investigator.
It is noteworthy that the dimensions are discernible aspects of reality, expressed in order of entry, would point: Dimensions - Variables - Indexes. Point for special treatment in each case according to the objectives.
This definition, unlike its predecessor, which is done by offenders, is made by the researchers in an effort to limit the object of study, but also includes an explanation of the scope that reaches each dimension.
and (iii) the operational definition, which is taking place according to the methods used to extract the desired information.
Finally, note that when you do not have a corpus (set of theories) fully developed is possible to reduce the semantic field of complex concept, and given certain objectives could be called: theoretical optics, theoretical perspective, or theoretical approach based as established by the institutional team.
5.-Timeline or Gantt chart
is essential that the research team scheduled activities point to help you achieve the overall objective, previously raised, indicating the number of activities or specific goals, task name, start and end of activities, the percentage of progress based on specific dates, as indicated by the model. Or failing or absence, must include the Logical Framework.
6.-Methodology
fundamental in this model is the appropriate use of quantitative or qualitative methodologies, the explicit and rigorous nature of their arguments as well as their objectives. Why the research team should specify the steps to be follow to achieve its overall objective, but also details how how the requested information will be extracted. And explain the specific technique of data collection and how she will be transformed into information.
analysis and interpretation of data, and the process of transforming it into information depends on the paradigm from which to address the reality. Similarly the findings and recommendations, emphasizing that the language in which the data will be interpreted according to the theoretical framework previously raised.
In this regard it is noteworthy that the opposition [7] quantitative / qualitative begins with an ontological distinction between quantity and quality. Therefore, you must explain what research is, at what depth level work, what sampling procedure will be used, which involves a brief discussion of the epistemological relevance.
addition, according to the methodology should clarify how the instrument was designed to collect data, establish a unit of analysis and observation unit, plan analysis, plan of exposure, field work, diagnostics, interventions, assessments and procedures for determining the validity and reliability of scientific rigor or criteria, in accordance with the proposed design.
For analysis should detail the technique to use, according to this type of study performed. Might explain the type of design that students (a) be used, as well as the type of study.
7.-Bibliography
a. "The literature cited in the text (footnote) considered the character information relating to primary and secondary research, as follows:
-Name of author (s) .
-Name of the author (s).
-title text in brackets and in italics.
-Editorial and editing. City
-year.
-page or pages.
Example 1: Alvira, F. "The analysis of social reality. Research methods and techniques ", 1st. Reprint, 2nd. edition. Madrid: Alianza Universidad Texts, 1996, pp.87-109.
Example 2: Ibáñez, J. "Perspectives of social research: design in the three perspectives." In Garcia Ferrer, M., J. Ibanez and F. Alvira The analysis of social reality. Research methods and techniques. 1st Reprint 2nd edition. Madrid: Alianza Universidad Texts, 1996, p. 56.
b. "The general bibliographic index (including in the annexes) considered a primary information referred to in the investigation, as follows:
Deleuze, Gilles, "What is a device?" in Michel Foucault, philosopher, Gedisa, Barcelona, \u200b\u200b1990.
Foucault, Michel, "The Words and Things ", Siglo XXI, Mexico, 1993.
Vattimo, Gianni," The Transparent Society ", Polity Press, Barcelona, \u200b\u200b1990.
Le Nouvel Observateur, June, 1984 http://identidades.org/fundamentos/foucault_moral . htm.
8.-Annexes
Annexes include: a glossary, photos, maps, transcripts of interviews, presentation collection instruments, among others, as warranted its relevance to the overall coherence of the work. +++++++++
• Process of data collection
• Plan for analysis and interpretation of data.
• Conclusions and recommendations.
· Bibliography.
· Annex.
1.-The title
The title should be explicit and unambiguous the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work, as it should clearly reflect the content expected in the document, with its single reading.
title structure is not rigid, but helps to set objectives for work requires a major effort to narrow the scope of action targeted.
2.-approach or formulation of the problem
In general, the objectives correspond to explain or describe a significant social or physical condition. However, the problem statement represents the extension of the target in both sets limits and scope of the proposed degree.
The problem statement is explicit the implications of the issue, therefore, necessary to determine the relevance (theoretical, methodological or practical) and justifications, that is why it is important to run the study, who is affected, how and in what form.
also investigate the feasibility of the project, students in this regard should be questioned about the possibility of carrying out and inquire if there are any institution interested in financing the study.
Finally, as a optional, research questions should be drafted as help to elucidate possible relationships between variables not provided, whose development is to provide time to develop hypotheses, patterns of work, interview guides and meaningful questions, and generally facilitates the process of data collection.
Here's some basic questions formulate a problem
What is the condition you want to be studied?
Who is affected?
How will it affect?
What are the implications of this?
Why is it important to study this condition? (Relevance)
Is it possible to carry out research? (Roads)
3.-Objectives
The formulation of a problem is a preliminary step for the formulation of the objectives of the investigation because they represent what is finally achieved. Therefore, the titles of the proposed investigation, should encourage the formulation of the overall objective reaching set this time, specifically, what we expect to know.
His writing require, as the title, a major effort to define and establish the limits and scope of the topic to be addressed. However, researchers coming this stage, and should be relatively clear his intentions, since we assume have already been identified in the statement of the problem an object of study.
The real complexity of set objectives is that once established a "virtual Northern" to be achieved, there must be a "route" to evidence that this can be achieved.
Therefore, the specific objectives representing each of the steps students will take to achieve your goal, since they depend entirely on the overall objective. In this sense, represents the specific strategy to deal with reality. Its proper enunciation
depend on the clarity and consistency of the researchers, since demand before the possible subject-object, operational features, and evaluation of the productivity of the same. Example
title structure of quantitative research. There must, then, a) a Verb infinitive infinitives verbs show action, but in methodology relate to the level of depth of study, in this case: Explore, Describe or explain. Or failing that, if appropriate: Assess, Diagnose, accredit, or certify, b) Dependent Variables Independent Variable: The independent variable (X) is generated or a particular event affects the dependent (Y), so establishes a potentiation or inhibition between them, c) a universe or population, which represents the total of the elements involved in the study, d) a sample, which is a fraction of the population considered relevant given the student's goals, and ) Time and Space, represents the temporal-spatial location of the event to study.
4.-Theoretical Framework
The Theoretical framework serves multiple functions, including the most relevant research guide, can set the stage for interpreting the results, provides the appropriate language to draft conclusions, and glimpses of possible solutions to the problem statement.
Building a theoretical framework is a dynamic process and its final form will be provided depending on the objective. However, it should begin with a literature review.
now understand the comprehensive review bibliographic references, previous experience or background on the subject of scientific character, be an author, company, or an organization. This ends when reaching the saturation point is, it ends when no more findings are available.
The structure of the framework can be established in three main parts, ranging from general to particular: (a) Prior history, which contains historical data about the topic, (b) Findings bibliographic where summarize the main scientific findings made around it.
Y (c) Definition of concepts. Issue that deserves a special section, since it must define or variables (or object) of study in a triple, as follows:
(i) Definition Rated: being the book or dictionary definition of their subject. (Ii) Real or working definition: it includes the dimensions identified by the investigator.
It is noteworthy that the dimensions are discernible aspects of reality, expressed in order of entry, would point: Dimensions - Variables - Indexes. Point for special treatment in each case according to the objectives.
This definition, unlike its predecessor, which is done by offenders, is made by the researchers in an effort to limit the object of study, but also includes an explanation of the scope that reaches each dimension.
and (iii) the operational definition, which is taking place according to the methods used to extract the desired information.
Finally, note that when you do not have a corpus (set of theories) fully developed is possible to reduce the semantic field of complex concept, and given certain objectives could be called: theoretical optics, theoretical perspective, or theoretical approach based as established by the institutional team.
5.-Timeline or Gantt chart
is essential that the research team scheduled activities point to help you achieve the overall objective, previously raised, indicating the number of activities or specific goals, task name, start and end of activities, the percentage of progress based on specific dates, as indicated by the model. Or failing or absence, must include the Logical Framework.
6.-Methodology
fundamental in this model is the appropriate use of quantitative or qualitative methodologies, the explicit and rigorous nature of their arguments as well as their objectives. Why the research team should specify the steps to be follow to achieve its overall objective, but also details how how the requested information will be extracted. And explain the specific technique of data collection and how she will be transformed into information.
analysis and interpretation of data, and the process of transforming it into information depends on the paradigm from which to address the reality. Similarly the findings and recommendations, emphasizing that the language in which the data will be interpreted according to the theoretical framework previously raised.
In this regard it is noteworthy that the opposition [7] quantitative / qualitative begins with an ontological distinction between quantity and quality. Therefore, you must explain what research is, at what depth level work, what sampling procedure will be used, which involves a brief discussion of the epistemological relevance.
addition, according to the methodology should clarify how the instrument was designed to collect data, establish a unit of analysis and observation unit, plan analysis, plan of exposure, field work, diagnostics, interventions, assessments and procedures for determining the validity and reliability of scientific rigor or criteria, in accordance with the proposed design.
For analysis should detail the technique to use, according to this type of study performed. Might explain the type of design that students (a) be used, as well as the type of study.
7.-Bibliography
a. "The literature cited in the text (footnote) considered the character information relating to primary and secondary research, as follows:
-Name of author (s) .
-Name of the author (s).
-title text in brackets and in italics.
-Editorial and editing. City
-year.
-page or pages.
Example 1: Alvira, F. "The analysis of social reality. Research methods and techniques ", 1st. Reprint, 2nd. edition. Madrid: Alianza Universidad Texts, 1996, pp.87-109.
Example 2: Ibáñez, J. "Perspectives of social research: design in the three perspectives." In Garcia Ferrer, M., J. Ibanez and F. Alvira The analysis of social reality. Research methods and techniques. 1st Reprint 2nd edition. Madrid: Alianza Universidad Texts, 1996, p. 56.
b. "The general bibliographic index (including in the annexes) considered a primary information referred to in the investigation, as follows:
Deleuze, Gilles, "What is a device?" in Michel Foucault, philosopher, Gedisa, Barcelona, \u200b\u200b1990.
Foucault, Michel, "The Words and Things ", Siglo XXI, Mexico, 1993.
Vattimo, Gianni," The Transparent Society ", Polity Press, Barcelona, \u200b\u200b1990.
Le Nouvel Observateur, June, 1984 http://identidades.org/fundamentos/foucault_moral . htm.
8.-Annexes
Annexes include: a glossary, photos, maps, transcripts of interviews, presentation collection instruments, among others, as warranted its relevance to the overall coherence of the work. +++++++++
Notes
[1] Besse, J. "The design of the research as significant: Explorations on the meaning", Biblio 3W. Bibliographic Review of Geography and Social Sciences, University of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bNo. 148, March 24, 1999.
[2] Alvira, F. "The analysis of social reality. Research methods and techniques ", 1st. Reprint, 2nd. edition. Madrid: Alianza Universidad Texts, 1996. pp. 87-109.
[3] Hax, A. And Majluf, N., "Business Management", Ed Dolmen, Santiago, 1996, p. 485.
[4] Ibáñez recognizes three research perspectives "distributive, structural and dialectic, [which] score differently these levels: the distributive perspective scores on all the technological level (an empiricist ), the structural perspective scores particularly the methodological level (article empiricism and formalism), the dialectical perspective scores on all the epistemological level (article empiricism, formalism and intuitionism), "Perspectives of social research: design in the three perspectives", in García Ferrer M., J. Ibañez and F. Alvira The analysis of social reality. Methods and research techniques. 1st Reprint 2nd edition. Madrid: Alianza Universidad Texts, 1996. p. 56.
[5] Davila, A. "The qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches in social science and implications praxeological theoretical debate." In Delgado, JM and J. GUTIERREZ (Coord.) Methods and techniques of qualitative social science research. Madrid: Síntesis, 1994. pp. 69-83.
[6] races to assign two semesters for completion of title work, the schedule must be submitted at the end of stage two.
[7] Dávila, A. "The qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches in social science and implications praxeological theoretical debate." In Delgado, JM and J. GUTIERREZ (Coord.) Methods and techniques of qualitative social science research. Madrid: Síntesis, 1994, pp. 69-83.
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