Sunday, August 7, 2005
What Can I Drink To Help Dilate
He was cured of his wounds on Sun Grey. The thousand arrows were before if you want to wield his pencil had left him bedridden and in pain. But with a smile as Lost Warrior Battles it arose, and headed, knowing loser Bokerovania again.
He spent the time as a fugitive, without altering any of the city just because it is dead just varies. When one day the sun Gray received a visit. It was the sadness, with a melancholy smile on his lips returned to him, as he always did. He caressed the scars of the Sun Grey, making back to hurt, but bringing a paradoxical relief. And they ended up in bed, she kisses filled with ice on his chest, until the dawn began, turning golden clouds on Bokerovania eternal.
the sun rose gray, and went outside, right next to the field broken clock to watch the sunrise. When he saw the limits of his icy wall a figure. Curiosity, from his hiding behind the eyes, Gray made the Sun go inside, the huge golden telescope hidden behind the watch glass, allowed to see his kingdom. And there on the border focused the telescope to see a female figure.
A simple brown blanket around her completely, leaving only the sight of a tanned face and dark for days wandering in the desert. Under his coat, something vibrated with the voice of the demons of the sands. The sheer helplessness was reflected in those eyes starry night. Era la Soledad.
not passed through the gates. The Sun knew Grey that the walls could not stop, indeed, facilitated their presence. But Bokerovania ignored, turned, and walked leisurely away. Soledad did not consent to Bokerovania step of which was so lonely that city.
And once again the sun Gray was lost in the arms of Sadness. Mil
Monday, June 20, 2005
How To Cook With A Silcone Mat
FUNDAMENTALS OF MEASUREMENT
Extract
Traditionally, mathematics is constructed using set theory, and all objects studied in mathematics are ultimately sets and functions. It is said that category theory could provide better foundations for mathematics. Analyzing exactly which properties of the category of sets and functions are necessary to express the math, you come to the definition of moles, and can thus formulate the mathematics of any moles.
Of course, the category of sets as moles, trivially. In a more interesting topos, the axiom of choice may not be valid, or the law of excluded middle (every statement is true or false) may fail. It is thus of some interest to collect those theorems which are valid in all moles, the moles solamentente not set. One can also work in private moles to focus only on certain items.
For example, constructivists may be interested in the moles of all sets and functions "buildable" in some sense. If relevant under a certain symmetry group G, one can use the moles that consists of all G-spaces. Another important example of moles (and historically the first) is the category of all sheaves of sets on a given topological space. It is also possible to encode a logical theory as the theory of all groups in moles. The individual models of the theory, ie groups in our example, then correspond to functors of moles of coding the category of sets which respect the structure of moles.
The origins of topos theory is the algebraic geometry. Alexander Grothendieck generalized the concept of beam. The result is the category of sheaves with respect to a Grothendieck topology - also called Grothendieck topos. FW Lawvere chose the logical content of this structure, and its axioms led to the current notion. Note that the notion of Lawvere, initially called elementary topos is wider than that of Grothendieck, and is today called simply "moles." Formal definition
A topos is a category that has the following two properties: All limits on a finite set of indices exist. Each object has a power object.
From here we can derive the following facts, some, like the subobject classifier, very important for understanding the concept of topos:
1. All colimits over a finite set of indices exist.
2. The category has a subobject classifier.
3. Any two objects have exponential object.
4. The category is Cartesian closed. Additional examples
There
an important class of examples of moles which was not presented in the introduction: if C is a small category, then the functor category Setco (consisting of all covariant functors from C to sets, with natural transformations as morphisms) are moles. For example, the category of all directed graphs are moles. A graph consists of two sets, a set of arrows and a set of vertices, and two functions between those sets, assigning to each arrow its initial and final vertices. The category of graphs is thus equivalent to the category Setco functor, where C with two objects linked by two morphisms. The categories of finite sets of finite G-spaces and finite directed graphs are also moles. References
• John Baez: Topos theory in a nutshell, http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/topos.html (http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/topos . html). An introduction sets.
• Robert Goldblatt: Topoi, the Categorial Analysis of Logic (Studies in logic and the foundations of mathematics vol. 98.), North-Holland, New York, 1984. A good start.
or My book "Topoi: the Categorial Analysis of Logic (North-Holland 1979, Revised Edition 1984) is now officially out of circulation, and the copyright is now only mine. (Http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/ ~ rob /)
The book (http://historical.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/cul.math/docviewer?did=Gold010&id = 3)
• Ieke Saunders Mac Lane and Moerdijk: Sheaves in Geometry and Logic: a First Introduction to Topos Theory, Springer, New York, 1992. More complete and more difficult to read.
• Michael Barr and Charles Wells: Toposes, Triples and Theories, Springer, 1985. Accessible online at: http://www.cwru.edu/artsci/math/wells/pub/ttt.html (http://www.cwru.edu/artsci/math/wells/pub/ttt.html). More concise than the previous one: Sheaves in Geometry and Logic. 
Extract
Traditionally, mathematics is constructed using set theory, and all objects studied in mathematics are ultimately sets and functions. It is said that category theory could provide better foundations for mathematics. Analyzing exactly which properties of the category of sets and functions are necessary to express the math, you come to the definition of moles, and can thus formulate the mathematics of any moles.
Of course, the category of sets as moles, trivially. In a more interesting topos, the axiom of choice may not be valid, or the law of excluded middle (every statement is true or false) may fail. It is thus of some interest to collect those theorems which are valid in all moles, the moles solamentente not set. One can also work in private moles to focus only on certain items.
For example, constructivists may be interested in the moles of all sets and functions "buildable" in some sense. If relevant under a certain symmetry group G, one can use the moles that consists of all G-spaces. Another important example of moles (and historically the first) is the category of all sheaves of sets on a given topological space. It is also possible to encode a logical theory as the theory of all groups in moles. The individual models of the theory, ie groups in our example, then correspond to functors of moles of coding the category of sets which respect the structure of moles.
The origins of topos theory is the algebraic geometry. Alexander Grothendieck generalized the concept of beam. The result is the category of sheaves with respect to a Grothendieck topology - also called Grothendieck topos. FW Lawvere chose the logical content of this structure, and its axioms led to the current notion. Note that the notion of Lawvere, initially called elementary topos is wider than that of Grothendieck, and is today called simply "moles." Formal definition
A topos is a category that has the following two properties: All limits on a finite set of indices exist. Each object has a power object.
From here we can derive the following facts, some, like the subobject classifier, very important for understanding the concept of topos:
1. All colimits over a finite set of indices exist.
2. The category has a subobject classifier.
3. Any two objects have exponential object.
4. The category is Cartesian closed. Additional examples
There
an important class of examples of moles which was not presented in the introduction: if C is a small category, then the functor category Setco (consisting of all covariant functors from C to sets, with natural transformations as morphisms) are moles. For example, the category of all directed graphs are moles. A graph consists of two sets, a set of arrows and a set of vertices, and two functions between those sets, assigning to each arrow its initial and final vertices. The category of graphs is thus equivalent to the category Setco functor, where C with two objects linked by two morphisms. The categories of finite sets of finite G-spaces and finite directed graphs are also moles. References
• John Baez: Topos theory in a nutshell, http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/topos.html (http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/topos . html). An introduction sets.
• Robert Goldblatt: Topoi, the Categorial Analysis of Logic (Studies in logic and the foundations of mathematics vol. 98.), North-Holland, New York, 1984. A good start.
or My book "Topoi: the Categorial Analysis of Logic (North-Holland 1979, Revised Edition 1984) is now officially out of circulation, and the copyright is now only mine. (Http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/ ~ rob /)
The book (http://historical.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/cul.math/docviewer?did=Gold010&id = 3)
• Ieke Saunders Mac Lane and Moerdijk: Sheaves in Geometry and Logic: a First Introduction to Topos Theory, Springer, New York, 1992. More complete and more difficult to read.
• Michael Barr and Charles Wells: Toposes, Triples and Theories, Springer, 1985. Accessible online at: http://www.cwru.edu/artsci/math/wells/pub/ttt.html (http://www.cwru.edu/artsci/math/wells/pub/ttt.html). More concise than the previous one: Sheaves in Geometry and Logic.
Saturday, May 21, 2005
Funny Words In Indian
Prolegomena
The order of reason is absolute, because we can not appeal against her but she can not protest against it but it keeps us in his own field, but the use of ruse and strategy (...). There is then a possibility, the trick: the ruse and strategy ... and pretend to obey a tyrannical rule, but at the same time proposing to set traps that can solve cases. " [3] . Drawing
, framing or outlining a conceptual framework and a limit or region understand that epistemological aporia are the axis, or hinge where knowledge is articulated, understood cogito. What Kant called "antimony" or "conflict of reason." Are inevitable contradictions of reason that occurs when it applies the categories, not just the objects of experience, but the set of all objects, the world, and we have no experience.
That puts us in the perspective of the border (limes) or otherwise objectivity and subjectivity understood as the border again, which moves nustra attention to the issue discussed at length during the twentieth century, around the incompatibility paradigms. Specifically highlighted
the inability to use quantitative and qualitative methodologies in the same investigación.La practical solution was to develop concepts such as triangulation, in line with Fernando Durán.
However, deep in discussion, I address the theme, recalling the important contribution of the human sciences , as art, philosophy and history.
Without the human sciences can hardly suggest the use of notions such as the External World, interiority, expression or symbol. Experience. Among others, Genie, the Creation and Subject. That was
footprint of the consequences and implications in the West had the romanization of Greek concepts, and adopting the Latin language to new languages. Then, each of these concepts will be carrying a special meaning but an invitation.
If Aristotle proposed that given to the senses gives us the experience of the world. By contrast, the human sciences open horizon of expectations, rather a work program, meanwhile, allows us to study not only "given", but "what not given" to our senses.
In this specific case, as we shall see: the story of emancipation is to serve the construction of reality, as follows ...
* * *
Rather, Feyerabend and Phillips question the assumptions of the method and are an opportunistic approach that incorporates a theory of error against the infallibility of the method. Brigman also denies the existence of the scientific method, he states that science is what scientists do and there are many scientific methods as men of science. Beltran, advocating alternative poses an integration of paradigms that assimilates the natural, cultural, and micro and macro sociology. Finally, we note that the methodology is logical and systematic study of the principles that guide social research.
Notes 
+
S and knowledge means subsequent to the apprehension sensitive, that is, the empirical knowledge. "If knowledge is a collective representation obtained by consensus, then it means that there is no sensible apprehension of being as such since that representation is not merely a" creation "subjective, an invention of our mind. No arrest sensitive and never will be because we will never know if we are affected by an entity "extramentem." Consequently, a posteriori knowledge is not possible " [1] .
To begin our discussion share the definition of aporia that gives us Abbagnano Nicola: "Aporia reasonable doubt, that is, the difficulty inherent in reasoning, not subjective state of uncertainty. Objective is doubt, the actual difficulty of reasoning or conclusion, which ends reasoning " [2] . Later hesitation.
To begin our discussion share the definition of aporia that gives us Abbagnano Nicola: "Aporia reasonable doubt, that is, the difficulty inherent in reasoning, not subjective state of uncertainty. Objective is doubt, the actual difficulty of reasoning or conclusion, which ends reasoning " [2] . Later hesitation.
+ +
* * *
The order of reason is absolute, because we can not appeal against her but she can not protest against it but it keeps us in his own field, but the use of ruse and strategy (...). There is then a possibility, the trick: the ruse and strategy ... and pretend to obey a tyrannical rule, but at the same time proposing to set traps that can solve cases. " [3] . Drawing
, framing or outlining a conceptual framework and a limit or region understand that epistemological aporia are the axis, or hinge where knowledge is articulated, understood cogito. What Kant called "antimony" or "conflict of reason." Are inevitable contradictions of reason that occurs when it applies the categories, not just the objects of experience, but the set of all objects, the world, and we have no experience.
That puts us in the perspective of the border (limes) or otherwise objectivity and subjectivity understood as the border again, which moves nustra attention to the issue discussed at length during the twentieth century, around the incompatibility paradigms. Specifically highlighted
the inability to use quantitative and qualitative methodologies in the same investigación.La practical solution was to develop concepts such as triangulation, in line with Fernando Durán.
However, deep in discussion, I address the theme, recalling the important contribution of the human sciences , as art, philosophy and history.
Without the human sciences can hardly suggest the use of notions such as the External World, interiority, expression or symbol. Experience. Among others, Genie, the Creation and Subject. That was
footprint of the consequences and implications in the West had the romanization of Greek concepts, and adopting the Latin language to new languages. Then, each of these concepts will be carrying a special meaning but an invitation.
If Aristotle proposed that given to the senses gives us the experience of the world. By contrast, the human sciences open horizon of expectations, rather a work program, meanwhile, allows us to study not only "given", but "what not given" to our senses.
In this specific case, as we shall see: the story of emancipation is to serve the construction of reality, as follows ...
* * *
+ + +
S and assumes that the classical culture within all people have a firm consistency and the same admiration for rules, models, images, including establishing common codes that allow you to associate the meaning of the words, events, and above all ensure that this culture forward, which is the basis of the content of the communication [5] . Thus "the cultural field" [6] is transformed by restructuring successive revolutions rather than radical.
Thus, linguistic signs are communication, representation, and symbolization. Focusing attention on the notion of representation, picking the philosophical tradition of Plato and Aristotle based representation, the principle of discourse. Consequently, the behavior is associated with certain types of speech, and language does not designate a pre-existing reality to it. In this sense, languages \u200b\u200bdo not provide a mechanism for representation of reality but is organized.
Everything is in the language is in our world, it provides a linguistic register to which we can establish certain controls. Now, do not refer discourses circulating Cartesian truth, but with arguments supported cultural truths in terms of plausibility.
Thus, all language sets an argumentative structure that provides a guideline for the screening of various speeches by reaching social structure affect the system of attitudes, behaviors then, a psychological depth that necessarily involves our values. The speeches are always values. In this context, the scientist "Save Link of familiarity" with their culture.
Episteme is knowledge of the fundamental code of every culture: it is located-in archaeological method, the certainties and not the opinion (Doxa) codes burst and disappear in continuous-and dashed-between code-lasting continuity, discontinuity is radical, and codes covering a wide range of knowledge of an era, many of them scientific. In the archaeological method noted that the code of culture is accessible to us only through the study of language and discourse.
hermeneutical method (exegesis) is the hidden meaning rescue, reconstruction decipherable language that hides, to say the power of what is said in the word, which has a plurality of meanings. Interpretations ourselves, when the interpretation is always something unfinished.
The genealogical method is the game of forces in the emergence of a phenomenon, archeology problematizes "speeches in which knowledge is built."
Thus, linguistic signs are communication, representation, and symbolization. Focusing attention on the notion of representation, picking the philosophical tradition of Plato and Aristotle based representation, the principle of discourse. Consequently, the behavior is associated with certain types of speech, and language does not designate a pre-existing reality to it. In this sense, languages \u200b\u200bdo not provide a mechanism for representation of reality but is organized.
Everything is in the language is in our world, it provides a linguistic register to which we can establish certain controls. Now, do not refer discourses circulating Cartesian truth, but with arguments supported cultural truths in terms of plausibility.
Thus, all language sets an argumentative structure that provides a guideline for the screening of various speeches by reaching social structure affect the system of attitudes, behaviors then, a psychological depth that necessarily involves our values. The speeches are always values. In this context, the scientist "Save Link of familiarity" with their culture.
Episteme is knowledge of the fundamental code of every culture: it is located-in archaeological method, the certainties and not the opinion (Doxa) codes burst and disappear in continuous-and dashed-between code-lasting continuity, discontinuity is radical, and codes covering a wide range of knowledge of an era, many of them scientific. In the archaeological method noted that the code of culture is accessible to us only through the study of language and discourse.
hermeneutical method (exegesis) is the hidden meaning rescue, reconstruction decipherable language that hides, to say the power of what is said in the word, which has a plurality of meanings. Interpretations ourselves, when the interpretation is always something unfinished.
The genealogical method is the game of forces in the emergence of a phenomenon, archeology problematizes "speeches in which knowledge is built."
+ + +
The Hermeneutics is "a founding subjectivity" is the first origin, interior hidden behind manifest exteriority. Exegesis rests on the assumption of a large hidden text which his rescue interpret its hidden meaning. "Every speech concealed the power to say nothing of what he said and thus wrap plurality of meanings " [7] .
Epistemology is "the analysis of the fundamentals of the validity of knowledge" [8] .
Episteme is a framework of underlying principles that determine the knowledge of an era, is the code of the principles of knowledge of a culture. They are the certainties that we support even if we did not think thematically, is the fund in thought the thought we think, talk and experience things.
Episteme is knowledge of the fundamental code of a culture: it is located-in-archaeological method in the certainties and not in the opinion (Doxa) codes burst and disappear in continuous-and dashed-between code-lasting continuity, discontinuity is radical, and codes covering a wide range of knowledge of an era, many of them scientific.
archaeological method, used by Foucault, notes that the cultural code is accessible to us only through the study of language and discourse. This is a discursive approach. It is the discourse that shapes the objects of science. And the experience of order is an experience in which things are placed on the clarity of the word.
language, speech, is the grid code in which we think things and out of which we are not accessible. This means that the episteme itself is not possible, but as an experience of language in the order of things in which claims to be.
Our knowledge is articulated in the speech, our sciences are a speech language well done. For example, Darwinism should be thought of as a political discourse with scientific coverage.
If we accept this as an acceptable "truth claim" is because we oppose the notion of science given by Bunge for whom this is a growing body of ideas that can be characterized as rational knowledge, accurate and verifiable, therefore feasible. Proposes a methodology incorporates Procedure Research mode: orderly, repeatable, and self-correcting that guarantees valid results.
For Piaget, learning science is above all the general rules of scientific expertise. Merton reaffirms the distinction between methodology and logic of scientific procedure and sociological theory. Parsons adds that the methodology is the border area between science, logic and epistemology.
The Hermeneutics is "a founding subjectivity" is the first origin, interior hidden behind manifest exteriority. Exegesis rests on the assumption of a large hidden text which his rescue interpret its hidden meaning. "Every speech concealed the power to say nothing of what he said and thus wrap plurality of meanings " [7] .
Epistemology is "the analysis of the fundamentals of the validity of knowledge" [8] .
Episteme is a framework of underlying principles that determine the knowledge of an era, is the code of the principles of knowledge of a culture. They are the certainties that we support even if we did not think thematically, is the fund in thought the thought we think, talk and experience things.
Episteme is knowledge of the fundamental code of a culture: it is located-in-archaeological method in the certainties and not in the opinion (Doxa) codes burst and disappear in continuous-and dashed-between code-lasting continuity, discontinuity is radical, and codes covering a wide range of knowledge of an era, many of them scientific.
archaeological method, used by Foucault, notes that the cultural code is accessible to us only through the study of language and discourse. This is a discursive approach. It is the discourse that shapes the objects of science. And the experience of order is an experience in which things are placed on the clarity of the word.
language, speech, is the grid code in which we think things and out of which we are not accessible. This means that the episteme itself is not possible, but as an experience of language in the order of things in which claims to be.
Our knowledge is articulated in the speech, our sciences are a speech language well done. For example, Darwinism should be thought of as a political discourse with scientific coverage.
If we accept this as an acceptable "truth claim" is because we oppose the notion of science given by Bunge for whom this is a growing body of ideas that can be characterized as rational knowledge, accurate and verifiable, therefore feasible. Proposes a methodology incorporates Procedure Research mode: orderly, repeatable, and self-correcting that guarantees valid results.
For Piaget, learning science is above all the general rules of scientific expertise. Merton reaffirms the distinction between methodology and logic of scientific procedure and sociological theory. Parsons adds that the methodology is the border area between science, logic and epistemology.
Rather, Feyerabend and Phillips question the assumptions of the method and are an opportunistic approach that incorporates a theory of error against the infallibility of the method. Brigman also denies the existence of the scientific method, he states that science is what scientists do and there are many scientific methods as men of science. Beltran, advocating alternative poses an integration of paradigms that assimilates the natural, cultural, and micro and macro sociology. Finally, we note that the methodology is logical and systematic study of the principles that guide social research.
Notes
+
[ 1] Also used synonymously Terms antinomy and paradox. The opposite is the euporía aporia, in Greek, easy transit path. The first aporia, or paradox according to Aristotle, Zeno of Elea appear and then with the Sophists. Zeno tries to defend Parmenides and demonstrate that the movement is unthinkable. One of the paradoxes famous is the "Achilles and the tortoise." Socrates also came to their dialogues to the aporia to confuse the enemy and take him by questioning the very definition of concepts ("irony" and "maieutics").
[2] Abbagnano, N., "Dictionary of Philosophy", Ed Fondo de Cultura Economica, Mexico, p. 91.
[3] Descombes, V., "So and so", Ed Chair, Colección Teorema, Madrid, 1998, pp. 180-183.
[4] Abbagnano, N., Ibid, p.885
[5] Also called "spirit of time" or "unitary vision of the world."
[6] According to the author, culture is not just a code or a common repertoire of responses is a shared set of fundamental patterns, from which articulated a number of private schemes.
[7] Foucault, M., "Archaeology of Knowledge", 2 nd ed., Mexico, XVI, 1972, p. 201.
[8] Giner, S., Lamo de Espinosa, E., Torres, C., "Dictionary of Sociology", Ed Alliance, 1998, p. 247.
[2] Abbagnano, N., "Dictionary of Philosophy", Ed Fondo de Cultura Economica, Mexico, p. 91.
[3] Descombes, V., "So and so", Ed Chair, Colección Teorema, Madrid, 1998, pp. 180-183.
[4] Abbagnano, N., Ibid, p.885
[5] Also called "spirit of time" or "unitary vision of the world."
[6] According to the author, culture is not just a code or a common repertoire of responses is a shared set of fundamental patterns, from which articulated a number of private schemes.
[7] Foucault, M., "Archaeology of Knowledge", 2 nd ed., Mexico, XVI, 1972, p. 201.
[8] Giner, S., Lamo de Espinosa, E., Torres, C., "Dictionary of Sociology", Ed Alliance, 1998, p. 247.
Friday, May 13, 2005
Gameshark Encontrar Pokemon Sunflora E Hundoom
+
E he purpose of this document instruction is the standardization of procedures to construct and evaluate a research design, therefore, agree on what we say when we refer to the design, helps us to reflect on the research process, to clarify the manner prescribed steps we intend to address an issue, information and finally through the collection of data regarding a subject area. [1]
The purpose of this optical methodology is to ensure that research projects to achieve high levels of internal consistency and integrity. In this regard, combinatorial designs represent a tactical and strategic components. Etymologically, Design means plan, program, or refers to some kind of anticipation of what was intended to "get", ie the construction of an object of study.
The "research design is defined as the overall research plan that tries to (...) in a clear and unambiguous answers to the questions raised in the same" [2] . So this increases the emphasis on the strategic dimension of the research process. Strategy is a consistent pattern of decisions, unifying and integrative approach that determines and reveals the purpose in terms of long-term objectives, action programs, and priorities in the allocation of resources ... to respond adequately to the opportunities and threats in the environment environment " [3] .
So, we understand science is a growing body of ideas that can be characterized as rational knowledge, accurate and verifiable, therefore feasible. It proposes a methodology incorporates an investigation of how : orderly, repeatable, and self-correct for gathering. For Piaget, learning science is above all the general rules of scientific expertise. Merton reaffirms the distinction between methodology and logic of scientific method and theory. Parsons adds that the methodology is the border area between science, logic and epistemology.
fundamental in this model is the ability to argue their positions, proper use of the methods of inference, and explicit and rigorous nature of their formulations, as well as its objectives.
Finally, we note that the methodology is logical and systematic study of the principles that guide research social. The methodology involves claims about the world as an object-state method and determined. Therefore, the method narrows and defines what is relevant knowledge.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH
The research process develops the capacity to implement and integrate the knowledge acquired during the learning process, to carry out an investigation under positivist scientific canons.
The overall structure will be addressed from a [4] through which different themes are linked by applying the scientific method on a significant problem defined by the researchers.
As Davila argues, the idea that "the method ... always takes precedence over the object ... the important thing is not to be specialists, but the fact that one result of specialization is to promote the specialization process within the sciences as a whole (this being) a specialization that is based solely on the use of the method, regardless of content, the problem and field of study " [5] .
therefore scheme proposes a clarification that prescribes a method of approximation objects where the researcher sets the order and logic of its purpose. In this context methodology has the following structure:
Draft Stage I:
The purpose of this optical methodology is to ensure that research projects to achieve high levels of internal consistency and integrity. In this regard, combinatorial designs represent a tactical and strategic components. Etymologically, Design means plan, program, or refers to some kind of anticipation of what was intended to "get", ie the construction of an object of study.
The "research design is defined as the overall research plan that tries to (...) in a clear and unambiguous answers to the questions raised in the same" [2] . So this increases the emphasis on the strategic dimension of the research process. Strategy is a consistent pattern of decisions, unifying and integrative approach that determines and reveals the purpose in terms of long-term objectives, action programs, and priorities in the allocation of resources ... to respond adequately to the opportunities and threats in the environment environment " [3] .
So, we understand science is a growing body of ideas that can be characterized as rational knowledge, accurate and verifiable, therefore feasible. It proposes a methodology incorporates an investigation of how : orderly, repeatable, and self-correct for gathering. For Piaget, learning science is above all the general rules of scientific expertise. Merton reaffirms the distinction between methodology and logic of scientific method and theory. Parsons adds that the methodology is the border area between science, logic and epistemology.
fundamental in this model is the ability to argue their positions, proper use of the methods of inference, and explicit and rigorous nature of their formulations, as well as its objectives.
Finally, we note that the methodology is logical and systematic study of the principles that guide research social. The methodology involves claims about the world as an object-state method and determined. Therefore, the method narrows and defines what is relevant knowledge.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH
The research process develops the capacity to implement and integrate the knowledge acquired during the learning process, to carry out an investigation under positivist scientific canons.
The overall structure will be addressed from a [4] through which different themes are linked by applying the scientific method on a significant problem defined by the researchers.
As Davila argues, the idea that "the method ... always takes precedence over the object ... the important thing is not to be specialists, but the fact that one result of specialization is to promote the specialization process within the sciences as a whole (this being) a specialization that is based solely on the use of the method, regardless of content, the problem and field of study " [5] .
therefore scheme proposes a clarification that prescribes a method of approximation objects where the researcher sets the order and logic of its purpose. In this context methodology has the following structure:
Draft Stage I:
+
• Title.
• Introduction.
· approach or formulation of the problem.
· Objectives.
· Schedule or Gantt chart [6] .
• Introduction.
· approach or formulation of the problem.
· Objectives.
· Schedule or Gantt chart [6] .
Stage II:
+ +
· hypothesis or questions guidelines.
· Marco theoretical.
· Methodology.
Stage III:
· hypothesis or questions guidelines.
· Marco theoretical.
· Methodology.
Stage III:
+ + +
• Process of data collection
• Plan for analysis and interpretation of data.
• Conclusions and recommendations.
· Bibliography.
· Annex.
1.-The title
The title should be explicit and unambiguous the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work, as it should clearly reflect the content expected in the document, with its single reading.
title structure is not rigid, but helps to set objectives for work requires a major effort to narrow the scope of action targeted.
2.-approach or formulation of the problem
In general, the objectives correspond to explain or describe a significant social or physical condition. However, the problem statement represents the extension of the target in both sets limits and scope of the proposed degree.
The problem statement is explicit the implications of the issue, therefore, necessary to determine the relevance (theoretical, methodological or practical) and justifications, that is why it is important to run the study, who is affected, how and in what form.
also investigate the feasibility of the project, students in this regard should be questioned about the possibility of carrying out and inquire if there are any institution interested in financing the study.
Finally, as a optional, research questions should be drafted as help to elucidate possible relationships between variables not provided, whose development is to provide time to develop hypotheses, patterns of work, interview guides and meaningful questions, and generally facilitates the process of data collection.
Here's some basic questions formulate a problem
What is the condition you want to be studied?
Who is affected?
How will it affect?
What are the implications of this?
Why is it important to study this condition? (Relevance)
Is it possible to carry out research? (Roads)
3.-Objectives
The formulation of a problem is a preliminary step for the formulation of the objectives of the investigation because they represent what is finally achieved. Therefore, the titles of the proposed investigation, should encourage the formulation of the overall objective reaching set this time, specifically, what we expect to know.
His writing require, as the title, a major effort to define and establish the limits and scope of the topic to be addressed. However, researchers coming this stage, and should be relatively clear his intentions, since we assume have already been identified in the statement of the problem an object of study.
The real complexity of set objectives is that once established a "virtual Northern" to be achieved, there must be a "route" to evidence that this can be achieved.
Therefore, the specific objectives representing each of the steps students will take to achieve your goal, since they depend entirely on the overall objective. In this sense, represents the specific strategy to deal with reality. Its proper enunciation
depend on the clarity and consistency of the researchers, since demand before the possible subject-object, operational features, and evaluation of the productivity of the same. Example
title structure of quantitative research. There must, then, a) a Verb infinitive infinitives verbs show action, but in methodology relate to the level of depth of study, in this case: Explore, Describe or explain. Or failing that, if appropriate: Assess, Diagnose, accredit, or certify, b) Dependent Variables Independent Variable: The independent variable (X) is generated or a particular event affects the dependent (Y), so establishes a potentiation or inhibition between them, c) a universe or population, which represents the total of the elements involved in the study, d) a sample, which is a fraction of the population considered relevant given the student's goals, and ) Time and Space, represents the temporal-spatial location of the event to study.
4.-Theoretical Framework
The Theoretical framework serves multiple functions, including the most relevant research guide, can set the stage for interpreting the results, provides the appropriate language to draft conclusions, and glimpses of possible solutions to the problem statement.
Building a theoretical framework is a dynamic process and its final form will be provided depending on the objective. However, it should begin with a literature review.
now understand the comprehensive review bibliographic references, previous experience or background on the subject of scientific character, be an author, company, or an organization. This ends when reaching the saturation point is, it ends when no more findings are available.
The structure of the framework can be established in three main parts, ranging from general to particular: (a) Prior history, which contains historical data about the topic, (b) Findings bibliographic where summarize the main scientific findings made around it.
Y (c) Definition of concepts. Issue that deserves a special section, since it must define or variables (or object) of study in a triple, as follows:
(i) Definition Rated: being the book or dictionary definition of their subject. (Ii) Real or working definition: it includes the dimensions identified by the investigator.
It is noteworthy that the dimensions are discernible aspects of reality, expressed in order of entry, would point: Dimensions - Variables - Indexes. Point for special treatment in each case according to the objectives.
This definition, unlike its predecessor, which is done by offenders, is made by the researchers in an effort to limit the object of study, but also includes an explanation of the scope that reaches each dimension.
and (iii) the operational definition, which is taking place according to the methods used to extract the desired information.
Finally, note that when you do not have a corpus (set of theories) fully developed is possible to reduce the semantic field of complex concept, and given certain objectives could be called: theoretical optics, theoretical perspective, or theoretical approach based as established by the institutional team.
5.-Timeline or Gantt chart
is essential that the research team scheduled activities point to help you achieve the overall objective, previously raised, indicating the number of activities or specific goals, task name, start and end of activities, the percentage of progress based on specific dates, as indicated by the model. Or failing or absence, must include the Logical Framework.
6.-Methodology
fundamental in this model is the appropriate use of quantitative or qualitative methodologies, the explicit and rigorous nature of their arguments as well as their objectives. Why the research team should specify the steps to be follow to achieve its overall objective, but also details how how the requested information will be extracted. And explain the specific technique of data collection and how she will be transformed into information.
analysis and interpretation of data, and the process of transforming it into information depends on the paradigm from which to address the reality. Similarly the findings and recommendations, emphasizing that the language in which the data will be interpreted according to the theoretical framework previously raised.
In this regard it is noteworthy that the opposition [7] quantitative / qualitative begins with an ontological distinction between quantity and quality. Therefore, you must explain what research is, at what depth level work, what sampling procedure will be used, which involves a brief discussion of the epistemological relevance.
addition, according to the methodology should clarify how the instrument was designed to collect data, establish a unit of analysis and observation unit, plan analysis, plan of exposure, field work, diagnostics, interventions, assessments and procedures for determining the validity and reliability of scientific rigor or criteria, in accordance with the proposed design.
For analysis should detail the technique to use, according to this type of study performed. Might explain the type of design that students (a) be used, as well as the type of study.
7.-Bibliography
a. "The literature cited in the text (footnote) considered the character information relating to primary and secondary research, as follows:
-Name of author (s) .
-Name of the author (s).
-title text in brackets and in italics.
-Editorial and editing. City
-year.
-page or pages.
Example 1: Alvira, F. "The analysis of social reality. Research methods and techniques ", 1st. Reprint, 2nd. edition. Madrid: Alianza Universidad Texts, 1996, pp.87-109.
Example 2: Ibáñez, J. "Perspectives of social research: design in the three perspectives." In Garcia Ferrer, M., J. Ibanez and F. Alvira The analysis of social reality. Research methods and techniques. 1st Reprint 2nd edition. Madrid: Alianza Universidad Texts, 1996, p. 56.
b. "The general bibliographic index (including in the annexes) considered a primary information referred to in the investigation, as follows:
Deleuze, Gilles, "What is a device?" in Michel Foucault, philosopher, Gedisa, Barcelona, \u200b\u200b1990.
Foucault, Michel, "The Words and Things ", Siglo XXI, Mexico, 1993.
Vattimo, Gianni," The Transparent Society ", Polity Press, Barcelona, \u200b\u200b1990.
Le Nouvel Observateur, June, 1984 http://identidades.org/fundamentos/foucault_moral . htm.
8.-Annexes
Annexes include: a glossary, photos, maps, transcripts of interviews, presentation collection instruments, among others, as warranted its relevance to the overall coherence of the work. +++++++++
• Process of data collection
• Plan for analysis and interpretation of data.
• Conclusions and recommendations.
· Bibliography.
· Annex.
1.-The title
The title should be explicit and unambiguous the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work, as it should clearly reflect the content expected in the document, with its single reading.
title structure is not rigid, but helps to set objectives for work requires a major effort to narrow the scope of action targeted.
2.-approach or formulation of the problem
In general, the objectives correspond to explain or describe a significant social or physical condition. However, the problem statement represents the extension of the target in both sets limits and scope of the proposed degree.
The problem statement is explicit the implications of the issue, therefore, necessary to determine the relevance (theoretical, methodological or practical) and justifications, that is why it is important to run the study, who is affected, how and in what form.
also investigate the feasibility of the project, students in this regard should be questioned about the possibility of carrying out and inquire if there are any institution interested in financing the study.
Finally, as a optional, research questions should be drafted as help to elucidate possible relationships between variables not provided, whose development is to provide time to develop hypotheses, patterns of work, interview guides and meaningful questions, and generally facilitates the process of data collection.
Here's some basic questions formulate a problem
What is the condition you want to be studied?
Who is affected?
How will it affect?
What are the implications of this?
Why is it important to study this condition? (Relevance)
Is it possible to carry out research? (Roads)
3.-Objectives
The formulation of a problem is a preliminary step for the formulation of the objectives of the investigation because they represent what is finally achieved. Therefore, the titles of the proposed investigation, should encourage the formulation of the overall objective reaching set this time, specifically, what we expect to know.
His writing require, as the title, a major effort to define and establish the limits and scope of the topic to be addressed. However, researchers coming this stage, and should be relatively clear his intentions, since we assume have already been identified in the statement of the problem an object of study.
The real complexity of set objectives is that once established a "virtual Northern" to be achieved, there must be a "route" to evidence that this can be achieved.
Therefore, the specific objectives representing each of the steps students will take to achieve your goal, since they depend entirely on the overall objective. In this sense, represents the specific strategy to deal with reality. Its proper enunciation
depend on the clarity and consistency of the researchers, since demand before the possible subject-object, operational features, and evaluation of the productivity of the same. Example
title structure of quantitative research. There must, then, a) a Verb infinitive infinitives verbs show action, but in methodology relate to the level of depth of study, in this case: Explore, Describe or explain. Or failing that, if appropriate: Assess, Diagnose, accredit, or certify, b) Dependent Variables Independent Variable: The independent variable (X) is generated or a particular event affects the dependent (Y), so establishes a potentiation or inhibition between them, c) a universe or population, which represents the total of the elements involved in the study, d) a sample, which is a fraction of the population considered relevant given the student's goals, and ) Time and Space, represents the temporal-spatial location of the event to study.
4.-Theoretical Framework
The Theoretical framework serves multiple functions, including the most relevant research guide, can set the stage for interpreting the results, provides the appropriate language to draft conclusions, and glimpses of possible solutions to the problem statement.
Building a theoretical framework is a dynamic process and its final form will be provided depending on the objective. However, it should begin with a literature review.
now understand the comprehensive review bibliographic references, previous experience or background on the subject of scientific character, be an author, company, or an organization. This ends when reaching the saturation point is, it ends when no more findings are available.
The structure of the framework can be established in three main parts, ranging from general to particular: (a) Prior history, which contains historical data about the topic, (b) Findings bibliographic where summarize the main scientific findings made around it.
Y (c) Definition of concepts. Issue that deserves a special section, since it must define or variables (or object) of study in a triple, as follows:
(i) Definition Rated: being the book or dictionary definition of their subject. (Ii) Real or working definition: it includes the dimensions identified by the investigator.
It is noteworthy that the dimensions are discernible aspects of reality, expressed in order of entry, would point: Dimensions - Variables - Indexes. Point for special treatment in each case according to the objectives.
This definition, unlike its predecessor, which is done by offenders, is made by the researchers in an effort to limit the object of study, but also includes an explanation of the scope that reaches each dimension.
and (iii) the operational definition, which is taking place according to the methods used to extract the desired information.
Finally, note that when you do not have a corpus (set of theories) fully developed is possible to reduce the semantic field of complex concept, and given certain objectives could be called: theoretical optics, theoretical perspective, or theoretical approach based as established by the institutional team.
5.-Timeline or Gantt chart
is essential that the research team scheduled activities point to help you achieve the overall objective, previously raised, indicating the number of activities or specific goals, task name, start and end of activities, the percentage of progress based on specific dates, as indicated by the model. Or failing or absence, must include the Logical Framework.
6.-Methodology
fundamental in this model is the appropriate use of quantitative or qualitative methodologies, the explicit and rigorous nature of their arguments as well as their objectives. Why the research team should specify the steps to be follow to achieve its overall objective, but also details how how the requested information will be extracted. And explain the specific technique of data collection and how she will be transformed into information.
analysis and interpretation of data, and the process of transforming it into information depends on the paradigm from which to address the reality. Similarly the findings and recommendations, emphasizing that the language in which the data will be interpreted according to the theoretical framework previously raised.
In this regard it is noteworthy that the opposition [7] quantitative / qualitative begins with an ontological distinction between quantity and quality. Therefore, you must explain what research is, at what depth level work, what sampling procedure will be used, which involves a brief discussion of the epistemological relevance.
addition, according to the methodology should clarify how the instrument was designed to collect data, establish a unit of analysis and observation unit, plan analysis, plan of exposure, field work, diagnostics, interventions, assessments and procedures for determining the validity and reliability of scientific rigor or criteria, in accordance with the proposed design.
For analysis should detail the technique to use, according to this type of study performed. Might explain the type of design that students (a) be used, as well as the type of study.
7.-Bibliography
a. "The literature cited in the text (footnote) considered the character information relating to primary and secondary research, as follows:
-Name of author (s) .
-Name of the author (s).
-title text in brackets and in italics.
-Editorial and editing. City
-year.
-page or pages.
Example 1: Alvira, F. "The analysis of social reality. Research methods and techniques ", 1st. Reprint, 2nd. edition. Madrid: Alianza Universidad Texts, 1996, pp.87-109.
Example 2: Ibáñez, J. "Perspectives of social research: design in the three perspectives." In Garcia Ferrer, M., J. Ibanez and F. Alvira The analysis of social reality. Research methods and techniques. 1st Reprint 2nd edition. Madrid: Alianza Universidad Texts, 1996, p. 56.
b. "The general bibliographic index (including in the annexes) considered a primary information referred to in the investigation, as follows:
Deleuze, Gilles, "What is a device?" in Michel Foucault, philosopher, Gedisa, Barcelona, \u200b\u200b1990.
Foucault, Michel, "The Words and Things ", Siglo XXI, Mexico, 1993.
Vattimo, Gianni," The Transparent Society ", Polity Press, Barcelona, \u200b\u200b1990.
Le Nouvel Observateur, June, 1984 http://identidades.org/fundamentos/foucault_moral . htm.
8.-Annexes
Annexes include: a glossary, photos, maps, transcripts of interviews, presentation collection instruments, among others, as warranted its relevance to the overall coherence of the work. +++++++++
Notes
[1] Besse, J. "The design of the research as significant: Explorations on the meaning", Biblio 3W. Bibliographic Review of Geography and Social Sciences, University of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bNo. 148, March 24, 1999.
[2] Alvira, F. "The analysis of social reality. Research methods and techniques ", 1st. Reprint, 2nd. edition. Madrid: Alianza Universidad Texts, 1996. pp. 87-109.
[3] Hax, A. And Majluf, N., "Business Management", Ed Dolmen, Santiago, 1996, p. 485.
[4] Ibáñez recognizes three research perspectives "distributive, structural and dialectic, [which] score differently these levels: the distributive perspective scores on all the technological level (an empiricist ), the structural perspective scores particularly the methodological level (article empiricism and formalism), the dialectical perspective scores on all the epistemological level (article empiricism, formalism and intuitionism), "Perspectives of social research: design in the three perspectives", in García Ferrer M., J. Ibañez and F. Alvira The analysis of social reality. Methods and research techniques. 1st Reprint 2nd edition. Madrid: Alianza Universidad Texts, 1996. p. 56.
[5] Davila, A. "The qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches in social science and implications praxeological theoretical debate." In Delgado, JM and J. GUTIERREZ (Coord.) Methods and techniques of qualitative social science research. Madrid: Síntesis, 1994. pp. 69-83.
[6] races to assign two semesters for completion of title work, the schedule must be submitted at the end of stage two.
[7] Dávila, A. "The qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches in social science and implications praxeological theoretical debate." In Delgado, JM and J. GUTIERREZ (Coord.) Methods and techniques of qualitative social science research. Madrid: Síntesis, 1994, pp. 69-83.
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